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incentives are designed to stimulate the adoption of eco-friendly practices by businesses and

individuals, making vermicomposting a more viable and attractive option for waste
management.

Another critical aspect is Public Awareness and Education. The Dutch authorities and non-
governmental organisations raise public awareness about the benefits of composting. These

campaigns aim to educate the public on how composting can contribute to environmental

sustainability and encourage participation in local community composting initiatives. Lastly,
significant Research and Development efforts are ongoing to optimise vermicomposting

processes and enhance the compost quality produced. This includes investing in scientific
research to improve the efficiency of vermicomposting, exploring innovative methods, and

developing better techniques to produce high-quality compost.

15.5. North Macedonia

The agricultural policy in North Macedonia, outlined in the National Agriculture and Rural
Development Strategy (NARDS), is primarily governed by the Law on Agriculture and Rural

Development (LARD). The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy (MAFWE)
oversees policy planning and regulation related to organic products, while the Agency for

Financial Support in Agriculture and Rural Development (AFSARD) handles policy

implementation. The State Agricultural Inspectorate and the Food and Veterinary Agency
conduct general supervision of organic agriculture. The National Extension Agency (NEA) is

responsible for disseminating information to agricultural producers.

For the period of the National Agriculture and Rural Development Strategy 2014−2020, organic

production is encouraged to gain traction in the domestic market. Support measures focus on
ensuring market-sustainable organic production and promoting the agri-environmental

approach. These measures include direct payments per arable land for various organic crops, as

well as support for existing orchards, vineyards, cattle, sheep, and goats. Additionally, special
payments are allocated for expert control, certification, and analysis of organic production.

Funds allocated for organic production beneficiaries in the 2014−2020 programming period
totaled 7.5 million EUR, with an increasing trend year by year. The proportion of support for

organic production within the total agricultural policy budgetary transfers ranged from 0.4% in
2014 to 1.1% in 2019. The recently adopted National Agriculture and Rural Development

Strategy 2021−2027 continues to provide support for organic agricultural production through

measures such as green cover, crop rotation, and organic farming. Control of organic producers,

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